Exchange Specifics

Per-exchange details for Binance, Bybit, Gateio, OKX, Coinbase, Kraken, and Aster

Overview

Each supported exchange has unique characteristics that ClyptQ models precisely. This page consolidates all exchange-specific parameters in one place.

Supported Exchanges

Market Type Support

Exchange	Spot	Derivatives	Market Type	Max Leverage	Quote Currency	Funding Rates
Binance	Yes	Yes	futures	125×	USDT, USDC	Full history
Bybit	Yes	Yes	linear	100×	USDT, USDC	Full history
Gateio	Yes	Yes	futures	100×	USDT	Full history
Coinbase	Yes	Yes (perpetual)	perpetual	10× (CFTC)	USDC	Collected (not auto-injected)
Kraken	Yes	Yes	perpetual	50×	USD	Full history
OKX	Yes	Yes	swap	125×	USDT, USDC	Full history
Aster	Yes	Yes	futures	20×	USDT	Full history

Default Fee Rates (Non-VIP)

Fees are auto-fetched via CCXT. These are default tier rates — VIP rates are lower.

Exchange	Spot Maker	Spot Taker	Futures Maker	Futures Taker
Binance	0.10%	0.10%	0.02%	0.04%
Bybit	0.10%	0.10%	0.02%	0.055%
Gateio	0.20%	0.20%	0.015%	0.05%
Coinbase	0.40%	0.60%	0.02%	0.06%
Kraken	0.25%	0.40%	0.02%	0.05%
OKX	0.08%	0.10%	0.02%	0.05%

VIP rates can be 2-10× lower than default rates. Use CostModelSpec to override with your actual tier. See Cost Models for details.

Margin & Liquidation Parameters

Exchange	Default MMR	Liquidation Fee	Threshold	Formula
Binance	1.3%	0.75%	100%	Inverted (MMR/Equity × 100)
Bybit	0.5%	0.6%	1.0	Normal (Equity/MMR)
Gateio	1.0%	0.5%	1.5	Normal (more conservative)
Coinbase	6.67%	1.0%	1.0	Normal (CFTC regulated)
Kraken	2.0%	1.5%	1.0	Normal (regulated)
OKX	0.5%	0.5%	1.0	Inverted (MMR/Equity × 100)
Aster	2.5%	2.5%	1.0	Normal (DEX)

See Liquidation Logic for detailed calculation examples.

Funding Rate Schedule

Exchange	Interval	Settlement Times (UTC)	Notes
Binance	8 hours	00:00, 08:00, 16:00	Standard
Bybit	8 hours	00:00, 08:00, 16:00	Standard
Gateio	8 hours	00:00, 08:00, 16:00	Standard
Coinbase	1 hour	Every hour	has_funding_rate=False — collected but not auto-injected
Kraken	4 hours	00:00, 04:00, 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00	6× per day, fully simulated
OKX	8 hours	00:00, 08:00, 16:00	Standard
Aster	8 hours	00:00, 08:00, 16:00	Standard

Per-Exchange Details

Binance

The most liquid crypto exchange with the widest selection of perpetual futures.

Key characteristics:

• Market types: Spot, USDT-M Futures (linear), COIN-M Futures (inverse)
• Quote currencies: USDT (primary), USDC
• Max leverage: 125× (BTC/ETH), lower for altcoins
• Tiered MMR: Position size determines MMR tier (1.3% → 50% across tiers)
• Insurance fund: Largest in the industry

Configuration example:

AccountSpec(
    exchange="binance",
    market_type="futures",
    base_currency="USDT",
    initial_cash=50_000.0,
    max_leverage=20.0,
    cost_model=CostModelSpec(
        maker_fee=0.0002,    # VIP 1
        taker_fee=0.0004,    # VIP 1
    ),
)

Bybit

Known for derivatives trading with competitive fee structures.

Key characteristics:

• Market types: Spot, USDT Perpetual, Inverse Perpetual
• Quote currencies: USDT, USDC
• Max leverage: 100× (BTC/ETH)
• Lower MMR: 0.5% default (more aggressive than Binance)
• Unified margin: Cross-asset margin pool

Configuration example:

AccountSpec(
    exchange="bybit",
    market_type="linear",     # Bybit uses "linear" (auto-normalized from "futures")
    base_currency="USDT",
    initial_cash=30_000.0,
    max_leverage=10.0,
    # No cost_model → auto-fetched from Bybit API
)

Gateio

Broad altcoin selection with higher liquidation threshold.

Key characteristics:

• Market types: Spot, USDT Futures
• Quote currencies: USDT
• Max leverage: 100×
• Higher threshold: 1.5 margin ratio (more conservative than peers)
• Altcoin depth: More small-cap perpetuals than other exchanges
• Contract units: Futures use integer contracts, not fractional amounts

Important note: Gateio’s 1.5× liquidation threshold means positions are liquidated earlier than on Binance or Bybit. A strategy that survives on Binance may get liquidated on Gateio with the same parameters.

Contract unit conversion: Gateio futures require integer contracts. The API converts between BTC amounts and contracts automatically:

# Gate.io: precision.amount == 1.0 → integer contracts only
# Example: BTC/USDT contract_size = 0.0001 BTC
# 0.1 BTC order → 1000 contracts
contracts = amount / contract_size
# API receives contracts (integer), internally tracked in BTC

Coinbase

US-regulated exchange with CFTC oversight and strict leverage limits.

Key characteristics:

• Market types: Spot, USDC Perpetual
• Quote currencies: USDC (only)
• Max leverage: 10× (CFTC limit)
• High MMR: 6.67% (MM = IM × ⅔) — always static default (no dynamic tier API)
• Higher fees: Liquidation fee at 1.0%
• No funding simulation: has_funding_rate=False — funding not auto-injected

Coinbase has has_funding_rate=False, so funding is not auto-injected in backtest or paper trading (rate defaults to 0). Funding data is collected (1h intervals) but not applied to backtest P&L. Consider using Binance or Bybit for accurate futures backtests with funding simulation.

Kraken

Regulated exchange with moderate leverage and higher liquidation costs.

Key characteristics:

• Market types: Spot, USD Futures (via krakenfutures)
• Quote currencies: USD
• Max leverage: 50×
• Higher MMR: 2.0% default — dynamic tier resolution supported via CCXT public API
• Higher liquidation fee: 1.5%
• 4-hour funding: 6 settlements per day (vs standard 3) — fully simulated at all 6 settlement times

Kraken’s 4-hour funding schedule means 6 settlements per day (00:00, 04:00, 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00 UTC). The backtest executor applies funding at all 6 settlement boundaries using per-exchange FUNDING_SETTLEMENT_HOURS.

CCXT note: fetch_funding_rate_history() returns data at 1h intervals for Kraken, but the intermediate values (01h, 02h, 03h, etc.) are predicted rates, not actual settlements. Only the 4h boundary values represent real funding charges. The settlement hour gatekeeping ensures only real settlement times are applied.

OKX

Global exchange with Binance-style margin calculation and passphrase authentication.

Key characteristics:

• Market types: Spot, USDT-M Swap (linear)
• Quote currencies: USDT, USDC
• Max leverage: 125× (BTC/ETH)
• Inverted margin: Same formula as Binance (MMR/Equity × 100, trigger at ≥ 100%)
• Passphrase required: OKX API keys require an additional passphrase field
• Hedge mode: Supports both one-way and hedge mode

Configuration example:

AccountSpec(
    exchange="okx",
    market_type="swap",       # OKX uses "swap" for perpetual futures
    base_currency="USDT",
    initial_cash=30_000.0,
    max_leverage=20.0,
)

Settlement Currencies

Exchange	Spot	Futures
Binance	USDT, FDUSD, USDC, BTC, ETH	USDT, USDC
Bybit	USDT, USDC	USDT, USDC
Gateio	USDT, BTC, ETH	USDT
Coinbase	USD, USDC	USDC
Kraken	USD, USDT	USD
OKX	USDT, USDC	USDT, USDC
Aster	USDT	USDT

Symbol formats differ by exchange:

Spot:    BTC/USDT
Futures: BTC/USDT:USDT    (settlement currency suffix)
Kraken:  BTC/USD:USD
Coinbase: BTC/USDC:USDC

Position Modes

Exchange	One-Way	Hedge Mode	Notes
Binance	Yes	Yes	position_side: "long"/"short"
Bybit	Yes	Yes
Gateio	Yes	Yes
OKX	Yes	Yes
Coinbase	Yes	No	position_side: "both" only
Kraken	Yes	No
Aster	Yes	No	DEX

Order Validation Limits

ClyptQ fetches minimum order sizes and lot sizes from each exchange via CCXT and enforces them during backtest:

What Gets Validated

Check	Description	Example
Min amount	Minimum order quantity	0.001 BTC on Binance
Min cost	Minimum order notional value	$10 on Gateio
Lot size	Quantity precision/step size	0.001 BTC step on Binance
Price precision	Tick size for limit orders	$0.10 for BTC on Binance

What Happens on Rejection

Orders that fail validation are rejected (not filled), matching live behavior:

# After backtest, check rejection stats
results = driver.export_results()
rejection_stats = results.get("rejection_stats", {})
# → {"below_min_amount": 5, "below_min_cost": 3, "rounds_to_zero": 2}

If many orders are rejected, consider:

• Increasing book size (position sizing)
• Reducing the number of symbols (concentrated portfolio)
• Checking minimum requirements for your specific symbols

Multi-Exchange Configuration

ClyptQ natively supports multi-exchange strategies. Each account has its own cost model, margin parameters, and order validation:

spec = TradingSpec(
    data=TradingDataSpec(
        symbols=["BTC", "ETH", "SOL"],
        observations=[
            OHLCVSpec(exchange=["binance", "gateio"], market_type="futures", timeframe="1m"),
        ],
        symbol_source_map=SymbolSourceMap({
            "binance:futures": ["BTC", "ETH"],
            "gateio:futures": ["SOL"],
        }),
    ),
    execution=TradingExecutionSpec(
        accounts=[
            AccountSpec(exchange="binance", market_type="futures", base_currency="USDT", initial_cash=30_000),
            AccountSpec(exchange="gateio", market_type="futures", base_currency="USDT", initial_cash=20_000),
        ],
    ),
    mode="backtest",
)

Each venue is independently simulated:

• Separate cost models (Binance fees ≠ Gateio fees)
• Separate liquidation (Binance 100% threshold ≠ Gateio 150% threshold)
• Separate funding (each venue’s historical rates)
• Separate order validation (each venue’s minimum requirements)

Related Pages

Cost Models

How to configure and override fee structures

Liquidation Logic

Detailed liquidation calculation with formulas

Funding Rates

Funding rate simulation and settlement timing

Supported Exchanges

Platform-level exchange support overview